Gurmukhi Word List

ਅ – Mukta (ਮੁਕਤਾ)

Mukta literally means free, and therefore, has no symbol or character so is designated only by the top connecting line of the Gurmukhi script. Mukta has a short vowel sound, symbolized by ‘a’ and is pronounced as the ‘a’ in ‘about’, ‘above’ or ‘another’. Mukta is pronounced after a consonant or vowel holder.

ਆ – Kanna (ਕੰਨਾ)

Kanna is equivalent to ‘aa’ in ‘father’.

Vowels in Punjabi come in pairs, a short vowel and a long one. Here mukta and kanna form one such pair where mukta is the short vowel and kanna the long one.

Remember – ੳ and ੲ never use Kanna.

ਇ – Sihari (ਸਿਹਾਰੀ)

Sihari is equivalent to ‘i’ in ‘pin’ or ‘thin’. A distinct characteristic of sihari is that unlike other matras it precedes the letter it is spoken after.

Remember – ੳ and ਅ never use Sihari.

ਈ – Bihari (ਬਿਹਾਰੀ)

Bihari is equivalent to ‘ea’ in ‘teacher’ or ‘ee’ in ‘seek’.

Remember – ੳ and ਅ never use Bihari.

The following words show the difference between Sihari and Bihari (ਸਿਹਾਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਬਿਹਾਰੀ ਦਾ ਅੰਤਰ);

ਉ – Aunkar (ਔਂਕੜ)

Aunkar is equivalent to ‘u’ in ‘put’ or ‘oo’ in ‘book’. Equipped to gamble utilizing 777 live casino.

Remember – ੳ and ੲ never use Aunkar.

ਊ – Dulainkar (ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ)

Dulainkar is equivalent to ‘oo’ in ‘boot’.

Remember – ਅ and ੲ never use Dulainkar.

The following words show the difference between Aunkar and Dulainkar (ਔਂਕੜ ਅਤੇ ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ ਦਾ ਅੰਤਰ);

ਏ – Lava (ਲਾਂਵਾਂ)

Lava is equivalent to ‘ē’ as in ‘hate’ or ‘rate’.

Remember – ੳ and ਅ never use Lava.

ਐ – Dulava (ਦੁਲਾਂਵਾਂ)

Dulava is equivalent to ‘ai’ in ‘matter’ or ‘hat’.

Remember – ੳ and ੲ never use Dulava.

The following words show the difference between Lava and Dulava (ਲਾਂਵਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਦੁਲਾਂਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਅੰਤਰ);

ਓ – Hora (ਹੋੜਾ)

Hora is equivalent to ‘ō’ sound as in ‘home’.

When hora is used with ੳ there is no space left above ੳ for placing hora. Therefore whenever hora has to be used with ੳ the upper semi-circle is left open to denote hora matra, so its like this ਓ. In all other cases hora is written as in ਹੋ

Remember – ਅ and ੲ never use Hora.

ਔ – Kanaura (ਕਨੌੜਾ)

Kanaura is equivalent to ‘au’ as in ‘odd’ or ‘hot’.

Remember – ੳ and ੲ never use Kanaura.

The following words show the difference between Hora and Kanaura (ਹੋੜਾ ਅਤੇ ਕਨੌੜਾ ਦਾ ਅੰਤਰ);